The Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation was established and authorized by Ministry of Agriculture in 2011. It established a research and application network to study the arable land conservation over the major agricultural production areas in China. The key laboratory research focuses on the mechanisms for soil material cycling, soil quality evolution and soil degradation, and the integrated technologies and ancillary products for soil degradation prevention, soil obstacle mitigation, soil fertility improvement and organic waste management. Based on the research, the laboratory proposes the technical standards, regulations and management recommendations to promote the technology extension and demonstration, which will provide a solid theoretical foundation and technical support for dealing with the problems of food and ecological security in China.